This is a work in progress (it's a web page after all) so if I've overlooked something please feel free to send me an email.

FAQ

Why would you build an observatory?  Why not just go on the web and look at Hubble pictures?   Are you nuts?

I've been interested in astronomy for a very long time- it was one of my first serious hobbies.   At a young age I begged and pleaded with my parents for a telescope. They encouraged me to do some research beforehand since $290 was a big commitment at the time.  We went to a few astronomy club meetings, talked to a number of amateur astronomers, and read as much information as I could find.  And then one day they finally bought me a 8" Dobsonian (like this, but smaller)- essentially a cardboard light "bucket" with no electronics.  The price was reasonable and I used this telescope for many years- I actually still have it.      I spent many Wisconsin winter nights outside looking at deep sky objects (nebulae, star clusters) and the planets.     When I spent time behind the eyepiece I never noticed that my knees were freezing to the ground or that my condensing breath would turn to ice crystals on my jacket and gloves.

Once Halley's Comet came around in 1986, I was totally hooked.  There's some special about seeing these things with your own eyes and working through all the technical challenges to get good seeing.

Since I was also interested in photography- and couldn't get my parents to stay outside and look at these dim, small, fuzzy objects when it was below zero- I decided I wanted to get into astrophotography.  I could then share what I saw with other people after the fact and also keep a record of my accomplishments.   This brought with it a whole new set of technical challenges.  In particular, my 8" mirror in a cardboard tube telescope, while optically great,  wouldn't be too useful for astrophotography.   You see, since the Earth is spinning on it's axis once per day, the night sky appears to rotate around the pole.   If you've ever seen a star trail photo (example below), you'll see what I mean:


Best star trail photo I've ever seen


The problem here is that these dim objects that you see through the telescope need really long exposures to register on film.   Even after a few seconds, the object may have completely moved out of field of view, turning your photograph into a blur.   The solution? A device called a clock drive.   A clock drive precisely turns the telescope around the pole to compensate for this motion.   Since it's not unheard of to have a multi-HOUR exposures, so this is a requirement for astrophotography

By now, we're into mid-1990s and we had started paying ourselves at work.  So, do some more research, point Netscape over to Ebay and buy a Meade LX-200 (sans the GPS and the other gadgets they've added in later years).  The first real computerized telescope.  It had a clock drive, a small embedded microcomputer, and the ability to connect to a host PC to automate your evening's observations.  Woo Hoo!  A geek's dream machine.

At the same time, another revolution was happening: CCD.    Charge Coupled Devices were replacing wet-chemistry film in astrophotography applications even quicker than in terristrial photography.   Purpose built CCD cameras have solid state cooling, special low-noise signal processing and digitizing electronics and a host computer to take digital images directly- no more screwing around with film.

This was great, and here is one of my first images:



Really, really bad image of the Ring Nebula, M57.
Black and White, SBIG ST-237 Camera, Meade 8" LX-200 f/10 operating at f/3.3


I enjoyed this setup for a long time- but it was a real pain to use.   Like most technology, you spent all your time doing setup, careful calibration and configuration, etc. and then you only spend a fraction of the time on the actual pursuit.   Not much fun, but I did get some decent images.  Here's what the Ring Nebula looks like when you do it right. 

We're at 2000 now, the Internet company my friends and I founded (which was actually profitable, so don't laugh) was sold to Time Warner.    Time to find a house away from the city lights and construct a permanent setup so I can get back to the fun part of astronomy.   Light pollution was terrible where my parents lived anyway.

While I'm at it, lets make the observatory completely remote control and automated (another technical challenge) so I can use it from indoors during the winter (see how this has gone full circle?).


What makes an observatory building special?

The most obvious feature is the roof.   You need some manner in which to allow the roof to open to allow the telescope to see the sky.   Some folks attack this problem with a roll off contraption of their own design, which I contemplated, but I never saw a fully remotely operable solution that I would trust (the roof needs to be watertight lest your optics and electronics get ruined), although there are some good examples.

If you go the traditional dome route, there are a couple off the shelf solutions for automation, and with the snow we get here in Wisconsin, I thought the dome would be a better structure.  Turns out that the snow doesn't even stick to the dome!

After some more research, I settled on a US manufacturer of fiberglas domes: Technical Innovations.   I've had excellent pre & post sale support and would recommend this company (both the old and new owners) to anyone without hesitation.

We have a roof.  Now we need a building to put it on.   Bad news though, you can't just pour a slab and frame up some walls.   Remember what I mentioned above about long exposure times?   When you're taking a picture, you need to eliminate all forms of vibration.   This includes footsteps, wind, motors/fans, a rotating dome- you get the idea.   To combat these sources of vibration, the telescope's mount must be completely isolated from the structure.  So you end up building a floating floor that looks more like a deck, frame up walls on that and pour a large concrete pier that enters the structure from below, while never making contact with the building:




You also want the structure to stay close to outdoor ambient temperature to avoid a temperature delta that could cause distortion in your images (think heat waves over a hot road).

Another goal was remote operation, so I put in direct burial fiber optic line along with UF-B power cable to connect and energize the building.

Build a door, secure the building with a lock and some more computerized goodies to deter theives/vandals, and we're good to go.

My Dad, Mom, my friend Shanti, friend of the family Dr. Will Kos, and my neighbor Chuck all helped out with construction.  A picture of the nearly finished project is below:







How long did it take to complete?

Two full years.   A lot longer than I expected.     I don't have any idea how many hours we all spent.   A few weekends were very busy, and then some months I did nothing.  It could have been completed in a season with a more consistent effort.

What goes inside?

See the equipment page for that.

What have you done with it so far?

I'm just now (September 2003) doing the collimation (alignment) of the primary instrument.   I hope to take some "first-light" images shortly.

Why did you run a fiber optic line?

It was too far from the house for Ethernet on copper.

Can it be operated over the Internet?
 
Yes, completely.

How do you get that live picture?

An AXIS network camera- neat device.   When using the observatory remotely, I use the camera as a live video feed (not still images) to watch everything operating?

Why do I see light on the bottom of the dome ring, is there an air gap?

No, lots and lots of silicone caulk .

How big is that pier?

8 feet long and 2 tons of reinforced concrete.   It hasn't moved.

How dark is it at your site?

Good enough to see the Milky Way, Ursa Minor (the little dipper)- I think I found the optimal spot that's still only 30 minutes from metro Milwaukee.  There is a fair amount of construction in the area;  hopefully sprawl won't wipe out the nice skies around here. 

Where did you get all the components?

Major vendors were Software Bisque (software and mount), ITE (dealer), Technical Innovations (dome and dome automation), Takahashi (primary optic), Intes-Micro (secondary optic), Santa Barbara Instrument Group (CCD camera, filters, camera software and adaptive optics), Pentax (medium format film camera), Finger Lakes Instrumentation (precision focuser).

I want to get into astronomy, buy a telescope for me/my kid.  What should I do?

Take a test drive.  Find a local astronomy club, go to a meeting and see if you or your kid actually enjoy it.   The biggest let down is that you're not going to see the beautiful images that you see in the newspaper or magazine.  These are all photographs (albeit digital)- that really aren't representative of what you see with the naked eye.  So, go to a "star party" and see if you enjoy it.

Yeah, yeah, I read that, but I want to buy a telescope, what should I get?

I'd recommend not even thinking about the astrophotography part from the start.  Spend your dollars on a good instrument for visual use;   don't be tempted to go after all the automatic electronics- you'll spend your money on gadgets instead of the light-gathering capability (and ignore anything advertised by "power" or "500x" or whatever the thing at k-mart says on the box).

With this in mind, you want to buy the telescope with the largest aperture (the size of the main mirror or lens) that you can.  This will make for the brightest images and the most immediate satisfaction.  Something like my original Dobsonian would be recommended,  8" is a good place to start and you can get a lot of telescope this way for much less than $500.  Mainstream brands like Celestron or Meade would probably make a fine choice.

Okay, okay, but I want to take pictures too.

I hear you- I'm in the same boat.   Getting into astrophotography is the only way you'll get those beautiful, full color images that you expect to see.   The modern cameras (whether film or CCD) are so much more sensitive than the human eye that you really can get publication quality images through amateur instruments.

What are your plans for the observatory?

Deep sky astrophotography
Supernova search
Minor planet (asteroid) search

Yeah, right, you're gonna find a new supernova or asteroid before a professional does!

It's not at all unreasonable.  The universe is a big place.  Other amateurs with similar equipment are doing it right now.  Look here.